2016年10月24日 星期一

generations (USA);Beat Generation, Beat Poets




張錯先生上周末的新書發表盛會中,內容多精彩、合理。比較不合理處是張先生受到他的時代限制,認為Beat Generation應該是他們當年用的"敲打一代",而非現在年輕人稱為的「垮掉的一代」(他說,是beat,不是beaten.....)。
這一誤會,現在很容易公斷,可參考Wikipedia 詞條Beat Generation的英文版、中文版、日文版 (中、日文版多參考英文版,只不過日文版採音譯)。

垮掉的一代(Beat Generation) ,或稱疲憊的一代,是第二次世界大战之后出现于美國的一群松散结合在一起的年轻诗人和作家的集合体。这一名称最早是由作家杰克·克鲁亚克于1948年前后提出的。在英语中,形容词“beat”一词有“疲惫”或“潦倒”之意,而傑克·克魯亞克赋予其新的含义“欢腾”或“幸福”,和音乐中“节拍”的概念联结在一起。
ZH.WIKIPEDIA.ORG

Denise Levertov (1923–1997) was born in Ilford, London, England on this day in 1923.
"The Gypsy’s Window" 1957
It seems a stage
backed by imaginations of velvet,
cotton, satin, loops and stripes-
A lovely unconcern
scattered the trivial plates, the rosaries
and centered
a narrownecked dark vase,
unopened yellow and pink
paper roses, a luxury of open red
paper roses-
Watching the trucks go by, from stiff chairs
behind the window show, an old
bandanna'd brutal dignified
woman, a young beautiful woman
her mouth a huge contemptuous rose-
The courage
of natural rhetoric tosses to dusty
Hudson St. the chance of poetry, a chance
poetry gives passion to the roses,
the roses in the gypsy's window in a blue
vase, look real, as unreal
as real roses.
*
This rousing anthology features the work of more than twenty-five writers from the great twentieth-century countercultural literary movement. Writing with an audacious swagger and an iconoclastic zeal, and declaiming their verse with dramatic flourish in smoke-filled cafés, the Beats gave birth to a literature of previously unimaginable expressive range. The defining work of Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac provides the foundation for this collection, which also features the improvisational verse of such Beat legends as Gregory Corso, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Gary Snyder, and Michael McClure and the work of such women writers as Diane DiPrima and Denise Levertov. LeRoi Jones’s plaintive “Preface to a Twenty Volume Suicide Note” and Bob Kaufman’s stirring “Abomunist Manifesto” appear here alongside statements on poetics and the alternately incendiary and earnest correspondence of Beat Generation writers. Visceral and powerful, infused with an unmediated spiritual and social awareness, this is a rich and varied tribute and, in the populist spirit of the Beats, a vital addition to the libraries of readers everywhere. READ an excerpt here: http://knopfdoubleday.com/book/27863/beat-poets/

アメリカ合衆国 世代
*=dates disputed, ^=Strauss and Howe
○○世代期間
^Puritan Generation1588 - 1617
Puritan Awakening1621 - 1649
^Cavalier Generation
^Glorious Generation
^Enlightenment Generation
^Awakening Generation
1618 - 1648
1648 - 1673
1674 - 1700
1701 - 1723
First Great Awakening1727 - 1746
^Liberty Generation
^Republican Generation
^Compromise Generation
1724 - 1741
1742 - 1766
1767 - 1791
Second Great Awakening1790 - 1844
Transcendentalist Generation
^Transcendental Generation
^Gilded Generation
^Progressive Generation
1789 - 1819
1792 - 1821
1822 - 1842
1843 - 1859
Third Great Awakening1886 - 1908
^Missionary Generation(英語)
失われた世代
Interbellum Generation(英語)(戦間期世代)
G.I. Generation(英語)
Greatest Generation(英語)
1860 - 1882
1883 - 1899
1900 - 1913
1900 - 1924
1911 - 1924
ジャズ・エイジ  Jazz Age1918 - 1929
ビート・ジェネレーション Beat Generayion
Silent Generation(英語)
ベビーブーマー      Baby Boom
Generation Jones(英語)
1914 - 1929
1925 - 1942
*1946 - 1964
1954 - 1965
Consciousness Revolution1964 - 1984
ジェネレーションX    Generation X
^13th Generation
MTV Generation(英語)
Boomerang Generation(英語)
*1965 - 1980
1961 - 1981
1974 - 1985
1977 - 1986
Culture Wars(英語)1980s - present
ジェネレーションY  Generation Y
^Millennial Generation (Millennials)
ジェネレーションZ  Generation Z
^ニュー・サイレント・ジェネレーション New Silent Generation
*1981 - 2000
1981 - 2000
*2001 - 2010 ?
1990 - 2009 ?

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