somniferum, narcotine, opium poppy

Papaver somniferum, the opium poppy,^[2] is the species of plant from which opium andpoppy seeds are derived. Opium is the source of many drugs, including morphine (and its derivative heroin), thebaine, codeine, papaverine, and noscapine. The Latin botanical name means the "sleep-bringing poppy", referring to the sedative properties of some of these opiates.

Papaver somniferum
Papaver somniferum

罌粟（學名：Papaver somniferum），即鴉片罌粟（英語：Opium poppy），是罌粟科植物，是製取鴉片的主要原料，同時其提取物也是多種鎮靜劑的來源，如嗎啡、蒂巴因、可待因、罌粟鹼、那可丁。學名「somniferum」的意思是「催眠」，反映出其具有麻醉性。

罌粟成熟蒴果的外殼，含少量嗎啡(Morphine)、可待因(Codeine)、蒂巴因(Thebaine)、那可汀(Narcotine)、罌粟殼鹼(Narcotoline)和罌粟鹼(Papaverine)；另含多糖約2.4%，水解可得乳糖10%、阿拉伯糖6%、木糖6%、鼠李糖4%、乳糖醛酸(Galacturonic acid)60%、4-0-甲基葡萄糖醛酸(4-0-Methylglucuronic acid)4%、微量岩藻糖(Fucose)、2-0-甲基岩藻糖(2-0-Methylfucose)、2-0-甲基木糖(2-0-Methylxylose)及葡萄糖醛酸(G-tucuronic acid)、景天庚糖(Sedoheptulose)、D-甘露庚酮糖(D-Mannoheptulose)、D-甘油基-D-甘露辛酮糖(D-Glycero-D-Mannooctulose)、內消旋肌醇(Mesoinositol)、赤蘚醇(Erythritol)。過量食用後易致癮。

今年收成特好，價跌。

As violence surges in Afghanistan, so too does the country’s opium business. Last year was the deadliest year ever for non-combatants, with nearly 3,700 killed. In its latest World Drug Report, the UN says it was also a record year for the area of farmland used to grow opium: 224,000 hectares, which produced 85% of the world’s opium and 77% of its heroin http://econ.st/1C2C0lS