2023年2月6日 星期一

stepwise, -wise, Apparatgeist, piecemeal, -meal, Slow and Piecemeal

In Austin, Recovery From Winter Storm Is Slow and Piecemeal

Warmer weather has returned to the Texas city, but more than 30,000 customers still do not have power as of Sunday night, officials said.



Obama Says He Could Back Piecemeal Immigration Overhaul6

Editorial: Now, Spain
The latest European bailout has not calmed nerves, with good reason. Serial bailouts, piecemeal plans and austerity orders aren’t working. Europe’s leaders need a new playbook. 




Apparatgeist was a neologism invented in 2002 by James E Katz and Mark Aakhus as a term to define a sociologic basis of mobile communication theory, specifically within the context of its relationship to technology and society.
It is a term that is used to suggest the spirit of the machine that influences both the design of the technology as well as the initial and subsequent significance accorded them by users, non-users and anti-users.
The word has its origins in the Germanic and Slavic word apparat, and the Germanic word geist; the former meaning the technological and sociological aspects of the machine, more commonly associated with the word apparatus, and the latter meaning spirit, in the Hegelian (Hegel, 1997) sense of spirit or mind which is defined as the essence which animates the lives of all human cultures in diverse ways.
It draws attention to issues which include the way that people use mobile technologies as tools in their daily life in terms of tool-using behavior and the relationship among technology, body and social role....the rhetoric and meaning-making that occur via social interaction among users (and non-users).

References

Maddock,R. [n.d.] The Mobile Phone as the New ‘Mixed-Reality’ Interface for Digital Art – a New Form of Apparatgeist?. Available at http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~rmaddock/reflection/projassesDec/PGPD.pdf. Accessed 7 September 2008

 -wise
suff.
  1. In a specified manner, direction, or position: clockwise.
  2. With reference to; in regard to: profitwise.
[Middle English, from Old English -wīsan, from -wīse, manner. See wise2.]
USAGE NOTE The suffix -wise has a long history of use to mean "in the manner or direction of," as in clockwise, otherwise, and slantwise. Since the 1930s, however, the suffix has been widely used in the vaguer sense of "with respect to," as in This has not been a good year saleswise. Taxwise, it is an unattractive arrangement. Since their introduction, these usages have been associated with informal prose, and they are still considered by many to be awkward. For this reason, they might best be avoided, especially in formal writing. The most obvious alternative is to use paraphrases, as in This has not been a good year with respect to sales. As far as taxes are concerned, it is an unattractive arrangement.


piecemeal

Syllabification: (piece·meal)
Pronunciation: /ˈpēsˌmēl/
Translate piecemeal | into French | into German | into Italian | into Spanish

adjective & adverb

  • characterized by unsystematic partial measures taken over a period of time: [as adjective]:the village is slowly being killed off by piecemeal development [as adverb]:some can only be had as part of a package, while others can be installed piecemeal

Origin:

Middle English: from the noun piece + -meal from Old English mǣlum, in the sense 'measure, quantity taken at one time'

píecemèal[píece・mèal]

[副]
1 少しずつ, 漸次, 断片的に, 切れ切れに.
2 ばらばらに, 粉々に.
━━[形]少しずつの;断片的な.
━━[名]((次の句で))
by piecemeal
少しずつ.


stepwise Pronunciation (adjective) Marked by a gradual progression as if step by step.
Synonyms:bit-by-bit, in small stages, piecemeal, step-by-step
Usage:Quantum mechanics is a natural system of stepwise interactions that governs very small things.

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